Final Year Project Progress Report 17/18 (UNIKL BMI)

JOURNAL 3 SMOOTHING  Smoothing is performed by a large value electrolytic capacitor connected across the DC supply to act as a reservoir, supplying current to the output when the varying DC voltage from the rectifier is falling. The diagram shows the unsmoothed varying DC (dotted line) and the smoothed DC (solid line). The capacitor charges quickly near the peak of the varying DC, and then discharges as it supplies current to the output. Note that smoothing significantly increases the average DC voltage to almost the peak value. Smoothing is not perfect due to the capacitor voltage falling a little as it discharges, giving a small ripple voltage. A larger capacitor will give less ripple. The capacitor value must be doubled when smoothing half-wave DC.

JOURNAL 2 KEYCARD LOCK A keycard lock is a lock operated by a keycard, a flat, rectangular plastic card with identical dimensions to that of a credit card or American and EU driver's license. The card stores a physical or digital pattern that the door mechanism accepts before disengaging the lock. There are several common types of keycards in use, including the mechanical holecard, barcode, magnetic stripe, Wiegand wire embedded cards, smart card (embedded with a read/write electronic microchip), and RFID proximity cards. Types of card readers: Mechanical  Mechanical keycard locks employ detainers which must be arranged in pre-selected positions by the key before the bolt will move. This was a mechanical type of lock operated by a plastic key card with a pattern of holes. There were 32 positions for possible hole locations, giving approximately 4.3 billion different keys. The key could easily be changed for each new guest by inserting a new key template in

 3rd BRIEFING OF FINAL YEAR PROJECT In this week, the briefing was conducted in TTL 2 and the attendance of all FYP 1 student is compulsory. The briefing was conducted by Dr. Imran Mohammad Sofi. Date:  12th April 2017 Venue:  TTL 2 Time:  3pm – 5pm In this briefing, the FYP committees have briefed us about:

JOURNAL 3 PIC 16F877 PIC 16F877 is one of the most advanced microcontroller from Microchip. This controller is widely used for experimental and modern applications because of its low price, wide range of applications, high quality, and ease of availability. It is ideal for applications such as machine control applications, measurement devices, study purpose, and so on. The PIC 16F877 features all the components which modern microcontrollers normally have. General Features: High performance RISC CPU  Only 35 simple word instructions.  All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycles.  Operating speed: clock input (200MHz), instruction cycle (200nS).  Up to 368×8bit of RAM (data memory), 256×8 of EEPROM (data memory), 8k×14 of flash memory.  Pin out compatible to PIC 16C74B, PIC 16C76, PIC 16C77.  Eight level deep hardware stack.  Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources).  Different types of addressing modes (direct, Indirect, relati

JOURNAL 2 DOOR PHONE A door phone or door bell phone is a set of electrical and electronic elements used to handle two-way communication (street to home) in houses, apartments or villas. The device is connected to a secure communication system used to control the opening of the door giving access to any kind of buildings, offices, or apartment blocks. They are so widely used in the mentioned structures, that nowadays, it is a device forming part of the standard electrical installation of most buildings. A door phone in its most basic version is a two-way intercom allowing communication from the street to the house, with the possibility of driving an electric strike to unlock and open the door, allowing access to the interior of the building. In places where there is more than one dwelling, the caller street, also called Push Plate or simply Plate Street , is composed of a number of buttons is (usually one per housing) with the label next to the house or apartment

PROJECT TITLE CONFIRMATION Information about my project FYP in FYP Unikl BMI website after Sir Syamsul and Head of Section approved my proposal. The new title for the project : The Development Of Autogate Using Smartphone For Residency Application The synopsis of the project : This is a commercialization project which will be validated by the chosen target market. In this case, the target market is the residency.

JOURNAL 3 RESISTOR The resistor is a passive electrical component to create resistance in the flow of electric current. In almost all electrical networks and electronic circuits they can be found. The resistance is measured in ohms. An ohm is the resistance that occurs when a current of one ampere passes through a resistor with a one volt drop across its terminals. The current is proportional to the voltage across the terminal ends.  Resistors can be divided in construction type as well as resistance material. The following breakdown for the type can be made:  Fixed resistors  Variable resistors, such as the:  Potentiometer  Rheostat  Trimpot  Resistance dependent on a physical quantity:  Thermistors (NTC and PTC) as a result of temperature change  Photo resistor (LDR) as a result of a changing light level  Varistor (VDR) as a result of a changing voltage  Magneto resistor (MDR) as a result of a changing magnetic field  Strain Gauges as a result of mec

JOURNAL 2 ELECTRONIC LOCK An electronic lock (or electric lock) is a locking device which operates by means of electric current. Electric locks are sometimes stand-alone with an electronic control assembly mounted directly to the lock. Electric locks may be connected to an access control system, the advantages of which include: key control, where keys can be added and removed without re-keying the lock cylinder; fine access control, where time and place are factors; and transaction logging, where activity is recorded. Electronic locks can also be remotely monitored and controlled, both to lock and unlock. Electric locks use magnets, solenoids, or motors to actuate the lock by either supplying or removing power. Operating the lock can be as simple as using a switch, for example an apartment intercom door release, or as complex as a biometric based access control system. There are two basic types of locks: "preventing mechanism" or operation mechanism: Ty

2nd BRIEFING OF FINAL YEAR PROJECT Today is the 6th week for this FYP 1. The briefing was conducted in TTL 1 and the attendance of all FYP 1 students is compulsory. The briefing was conducted by Dr Imran Bin Mohammad Sofi and Dr. Jawad Bin Ali Shah.                        Date:  08 September 2017 Venue:  TTL 1 Time:  3pm - 5pm In this briefing, the FYP committees have briefed us about: Introduction and Literature Review (identify the project). Technical proposal writing. Chapter 1 (Introduction) and Chapter 2 (Literature Review).

JOURNAL 3 POTENTIOMETER A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the controlled load. Potentiometer applications: Audio control  Television  Motion control  Transducers  Computation Credit to :  Praja

JOURNAL 2 7 SEGMENT Seven segment displays are the output display devices that provide a way to display information in the form of image or text. For displaying the images or text in a proper manner, some types of displays can show only alphanumeric characters and digits. But, some displays can also show characters and images. Most commonly used displays along with the microcontrollers are LCD, LEDs and seven segment displays,etc. Common Cathode 7-segment Display In this type of display, all the cathode connections of the LED segments are connected together to logic 0 or ground. The separate segments are lightened by applying the logic 1 or HIGH signal through a current limiting resistor to forward bias the individual anode terminals a to g. Common Anode 7-segment Display In this type of display, all the anode connections of the LED segments are connected together to logic 1. The separate segments are lightened by applying of the logic 0 or LOW signal through